Version 4 has some things cleaned up and added toward a slight bit more science-y, more OWL langauge features are used, and some educational explanations and questions for further exploration have been added in annotation fields
AfricanWildlifeOntology0.owl was then modified by Maria Keet (classes and object properties added, more comments added, updated the uri etc) and renamed into AfricanWildlifeOntology4obda.owl.
This is still an ontology just for tutorial purposes, so take it with a grain of salt
MK downloaded this file from http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~lapalme/ift6281/OWL/AfricanWildlifeOntology.xml, changed the extension to .owl and appended the name with Web. That ontology give a load error in protege due to the use of Collection in the definition of Herbivore, so the AfricanWildlifeOntology0.owl has that piece removed.
CC-BY licence (do with it whatever you like, just give the author credit)
This OBDA version was created by Frances Gillis-Webber, so that it fitted better with the OBDA tutorial for querying about elephants in the Kruger park (actual scientific data).
African Wildlide Ontology, Semantic Web Primer, 4.3.1 pages 119-133
intended to be the same as the membership relation in the taxonomy of part-whole relations. Added here for playing with animals and their collectives
to relate dependent to indpendent entities
There are more listed on: https://safarisafricana.com/collective-nouns-animals-birds-africa/
There is some 'overlap' at least in English, in that some collective names are for several species and some species have several collective names (in general, or for a particualr configuration). How will that affect the representation?
of crocodiles
Branches are parts of trees.
Note: cf AWO1, the axiom changed from is-part-of to is-proper-part-of, which is what was really intended
This informal definition does not really hold; see also the subclasses added and their descriptions. How to revise the ontology accordingly?
Carnivores are exactly those animals that eat only animals.
they do exist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivorous_plant). Added in the ontology mainly to play with inconsistencies on domain and range axioms, like the "only animals eat something", yet the carnivorous plant (disjoint from animals) also eats animals (insects and arthropods, mainly)
of insects, gnats, grasshoppers
of ants
of snakes
For those classes on their way out...
Distribution of the individuals of a species
This class obviously should not be a top class, but somewhere else in a hierarchy of qualities etc.
of butterflies, dragons
Giraffes are herbivores, and they eat only leaves.
they also eat twigs
2
Acknowledging extremophiles, in the scope of African Wildlife, each habitat is inhabited by at least two plants or animals
See, e.g., The ENVO Environment ontology, that has habitats since the 2016 edition (textmined from the Encyclopedia of Life). A few have been added here for the sake of example. Can you generate a habitat module form teh ENVO and integrate it with the AWO? Is their notion of habitat the same as used here?
the "inverse (inhabits)" amounts to inhabited by, showing the use of the inverse feature
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat
Herbivores are exactly those animals that eat only plants or parts of plants
Note: cf AWO1, the axiom changed from is-part-of to is-proper-part-of, which is what was really intended
The current axiom with just Elephant or Impala will have to be updated at some point. What about declaring it the other way around instead, like that elephants are member-of a herd etc.?
of elephants, cattle, impala, springbok, zebra
their diet diet consists of at least 30 pct meat. practically can be considered to be omnivores...
An african antelope http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impala
of vultures whilst circling
Leaves are parts of branches.
Lions are animals that eat only herbivores.
Note cf v1: I changed the 'only' to 'some' in the "eats some herbivore", and made into equivalent class cf subclass, so I can get my lion1 be classified as an instance of Lion. and 'closed' the axiom.
their diet diet consists of at least 50 pct meat
of vipers
their diet diet consists of at least 70 pct meat
An animal that eats both plants and animals (or parts thereof)
Note: cf AWO1, the axiom changed from is-part-of to is-proper-part-of, which is what was really intended
it's a palm or a tree, not palm tree
'plant' is here a shorthand for plant kingdom
Plants are disjoint from animals.
Generally deemed easier to talk of in the 'from part to whole' direction, but ontologically, the other direction is better. e.g., in the normal course of things, all plants have as part roots, but not all roots need to be part of some plant.
of rattlesnakes
They eat grasses and broad-leafed plants
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Hyrax
to distinguish between the animal or plant and the role(s) they play (e.g., turning out to be something else's dinner)
note that this is different from a tuber (enlarged stem, like potato)
of mosquitos
of locusts, bees
Plants eaten both by herbivores and carnivores
Trees are a type of plant.
of lions
Warthogs are mostly herbivourous but sometimes eat meat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warthog
of zebra